Historians and scholars of religion, literature, and art summarize scholarship on the split that created two popes for a generation, one in French Avignon and the other in German-occupied Rome. Their topics include the scholarly record, civil violence and the initiation of the schism, local experiences, conceptualization and imagery, the witness of Honorat Bovet, views of Byzantium and Islam, the reform context, ecclesiology and authority in the Later Middle Ages, the use of biblical authority, and the 1414-18 Council of Constance and the end of the schism. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)