The papers presented here come from a conference held at Princeton University in 2004, in honor of historian John Fleming. Cusato (Franciscan studies, St. Bonaventura University) and Geltner (medieval history, University College, Oxford) have assembled a stellar group of scholars to discuss the varied attitudes toward the Franciscan Order throughout the Middle Ages and beyond. Articles discuss the ways that Franciscans interpreted their own history and the involvement of the order in education and politics before turning to negative opinions of the order expressed by contemporaries. The criticisms of the Friars came both from within the order and from outsiders. Many, including the Spiritual Franciscans, later deemed heretical, wished to return to the simplicity of the life of St. Francis. Others felt the order should be abolished. The study ends with an examination of the legacy of St. Francis among clerics and lay people as well as the case of Louis IX, who preached to the mendicants, either as King or saint. This is an excellent addition to this series of Franciscan Studies. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)