This book attempts to comprehensively review China's quest for national rejuvenation in the last hundred years, with emphasis on the period from 1978 to 2008. It examines China's achievements in economic development and modernization as well as the challenges it is facing, the reasons for China's accomplishment, its pursuit of a democratic system, Deng Xiaoping Theory as new political ideology, and the peaceful rise foreign policy. This book pays more attention to the views of the mainland Chinese (including China's political leaders, officials, scholars, journalists, the media,and political dissidents) on their nation's recent rise, particularly China's strategies and policies for development and relations with the Western-dominated world system.