Collins (Old Testament criticism and interpretation, Yale Divinity School) and Harlow (religion, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI) along with many contributors, investigate the Second Temple period in the development of Judaism from the fourth century BCE to the second century CE. While the bulk of the book consists of annotated entries of people, movements and events affecting the Jewish community, there are essays that summarize modern scholarship followed by explanations of Jewish life in Israel and the diaspora. Sources are examined, including canonical scriptures, apocrypha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, epigraphy and Greek commentaries. The book concludes at the beginning of the Talmudic period and the rise of Christianity. With pictures, maps and charts, this is an essential reference work for both historians and students of religion. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)