This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2008, held in Toulouse, France, in July 2008.The 19 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from over 70 submissions. The scope of the contributions ranges from theoretical and methodological topics to implementation issues and applications. The papers present a family of Conceptual Structure approaches that build on techniques derived from artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, applied mathematics and lattice theory, computational linguistics, conceptual modeling, intelligent systems and knowledge management.