New edition of a reader containing 33 essays (10 new to this update), arranged in sections on science and pseudoscience, the natural and social sciences, explanation and law, theory and observation, confirmation and acceptance, and science and values. Each section begins with an introduction and ends with a case study, study questions, and a bibliography. A sampling of the selections: "Believing Where We Cannot Prove" (Philip Kitcher); "Are the Social Sciences Really Inferior?" (Fritz Machlup); and "The Pragmatics of Explanation" (Bas C. van Fraasen). Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.