Beginning with an exploration of the components of the urinary system, this volume of the Encyclopedia of the Human Body discusses the role and function of each part of the urinary system and how they work together to remove waste from the body. Watson also explores how the urinary system maintains chemical balance and hydration in the body. The history of research related to the urinary system is presented and the future of research in this field is considered. Current controversies and dilemmas of scientists performing this research are explored. Symptoms and treatments of urinary system diseases and disorders are explored, including kidney cancer, gout, urinary tract infections, incontinence, prostate cancer and dialysis. This reference concludes with information about maintaining a healthy urinary system, a comprehensive glossary, and resources for further information including Web sites and contact information for medical organizations and support groups.