<div> The use of nanoparticles and nanofillers in materials, such as polymer nanocomposites, greatly extends their functionality and range of applications. However, the use of nanotechnology poses potential risks to human health and the environment. Chapters in the first part of the book discuss types of nanomaterial, potential mechanisms of toxicity, exposure assessments, and sampling. The second half reviews the safety of particular types of nanomaterial including nanolayered silicates, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxide nanomaterials.</div>