Complex trauma, explain Paivio and Pascual-Leone (both psychology, U. of Windsor, Canada) typically involves repeated exposure to violence and betrayals of trust in relationships with attachment figures, and occurs most often in children who as adults seek mental health care. Because such patients exhibit high non-compliance and a high drop-out rate with exposure-based procedures, they describe another approach that they say has proved effective and contributes strongly to theory, research, and practice in the area. In addition to relieving symptoms of distress and problems in functioning, it particularly focuses on resolving issues with past perpetrators of abuse and neglect, usually attachment figures. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)