Standing (economic security, U. of Bath, UK) argues that the era of "industrial citizenship," outlined in Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation (1944), has passed and that its emphasis on the relationship between the employer and the employee needs to be shifted towards a new era of "occupational citizenship," in which work will "consist largely of self-chosen activity, with individuals in control of their development, in a community of kindred spirits with enough checks and balances to limit exploitation and oppression of the vulnerable by the powerful, and to avoid stifling conformity." He describes the commodification of labor and the global class structures that will shape "occupational citizenship," as well as the institutions and policies that will facilitate it, particularly advocating for basic income security. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)