In the past 15 years the US Department of Defense has assisted Russia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan and the Ukraine in developing programs intended to prevent the proliferation of expertise, materials, equipment and technologies tat could contribute to the development of biological weapons. This report contends the programs have made significant contributions and that the US should continue to provide strong and sustained support, the executive branch should ensure integration of the programs with other biological threat reduction activities, that the programs should be more collaborative between the US and the country receiving help, that the programs should be expanded to include more facets of biological weapon deterrence, that the programs should re-invigorated through scientific exchanges and conferences in such countries as Russia and that the programs should be funded sufficiently to provide qualified technical staff. Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)