In this book we present to the primary care providers as well as to the sub-specialists an integrative approach to hypertension and diabetes including lifestyle and pharmacological approaches, focusing on overall cardiovascular risk reduction with special emphasis on high- risk population. We also provide an overview of the preventive measures for both hypertension and diabetes in the light of the most recent clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for the epidemic and the ongoing clinical studies together with the various innovative diagnostic modalities.