Identity is constructed through a relational and contextual process informed by many factors - particularly gender. According to UNHCR, uprootedness caused by various forms of forced displacement affects about 37 to 40 million women and children in the world, posing major challenges to their identity and agency. Even though institutions and organizations have increasingly sought their participation, refugee women still find themselves in situations “where policies are generated, and programs delivered with little or no input from them” (Indra, 1989). This volume explores identity in all its complexities, in the increasingly racialized post-September 11th context, from the perspective of refugee women. Through the analysis of local examples and international case studies, the authors explore gendered factors such as location, humanitarian aid, cultural norms, racism, ethnicity, or current psycho-social research and intervention that affect the identity of refugee women. They also offer suggestions on the inclusion of gender and women's agency in theories, research methods, policies and practices (in law, mental health, education, spirituality, settlement, staffing and practices of NGO's).