<DIV><p>A sharp and insightful analysis of historic movements against racism in the United States&mdash;from the separatism of Marcus Garvey, to the militancy of Malcolm X and the Black Panther Party, to the eloquence of Martin Luther King Jr. and much more&mdash;with essential lessons for today&rsquo;s struggles.</p> <p>In the 40 years since the civil rights movement, many gains have been made&mdash;but there is still far to go to win genuine change. Here is a badly needed primer on the history and future of the struggle against racism.</p> <p><b>Ahmed Shawki</b> is the editor of the <i>International Socialist Review</i>. A member of the National Writers Union, he is also a contributor to <i>The Struggle for Palestine</i> (Haymarket). He lives in Chicago, Illinois.</p></DIV>