Nursing Outcomes: The State of the Science is an invaluable resource for nurse researchers, scholars, and healthcare professionals committed to effective, quality nursing care as evidenced by nursing-sensitive outcomes measurement. This text concentrates on outcome indicators, which identify how patients and their conditions are affected by their interaction with nursing staff.<BR><BR>In the updated and fully revised Second Edition, each chapter includes an analysis of the outcome concept, and then defining characteristics are identified and a conceptual definition is proposed. Factors that influence the outcome concept are discussed, as are the consequences for clients' health and well-being. The strength of the evidence is reviewed concerning the sensitivity of the outcome concept to nursing structure variables and nursing processes or interventions. The authors offer comprehensive syntheses of the literature, critically review the quality of the evidence, and provide direction for the selection of outcome variables and approaches to measurement.