This study examined whether there might be a medical supply and distribution structure for U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) that would maintain or improve performance while reducing costs. We evaluated the likely performance and cost implications of the range of possibilities, considering both the medical and nonmedical logistics structures, for providing medical supplies to support medical activities in USCENTCOM. We found that three options would preserve or improve performance while either lowering or not increasing costs. Additionally, we considered how the value of these solutions would likely change with future shifts in USCENTCOM operations.