This book focuses on explaining the apparent paradox observed in the Latin America and the Caribbean region of a closing gender gap in some important access indicators, such as education, health and labor force participation, coexisting with persistent gender gaps in other key outcomes such as wages and the continued concentration of women in certain sectors and occupations. The evidence points to the importance of family formation, particularly the presence of children in the household, in explaining the labor force participation trends and differences in occupational mobility between men and women. By exploiting the exogenous changes introduced by policy interventions, the book focuses on estimating the impact of changes in bargaining power induced by changes in economic resources, time allocation, and legislation, on the intra-household allocation of resources and labor force participation decisions.