<div>This book sets out to critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of Spain's Catholic identity in the early modern period. Traditionally the Spanish Church has been seen as a major bastion of orthodoxy and intolerance. Modern historians now see the Church as a much more complex and diverse institution in which tolerance and conservatism coexisted. The text provides evidence of the survival of multi-culturalism in Spanish society, the extent of innovative trends in religious scholarship, the partial nature of ecclesiastical reform, the vitality of popular religious culture and the shortcomings of the missionary enterprise overseas.<br></div>