This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition, CIARP 2005, held in Havana, Cuba in November 2005.The 107 revised full papers presented together with 3 keynote articles were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 200 submissions. The papers cover ongoing research and mathematical methods for pattern recognition, image analysis, and applications in such diverse areas as computer vision, robotics, industry, health, entertainment, space exploration, telecommunications, data mining, document analysis, and natural language processing and recognition.