The study covers Muslim economic thought from the emergence of Islam, long before economics became a separate discipline with distinctive analytical tools. The economic environment in ancient Arabia from which Islam emerged is examined, and the economic concepts in the Qur'an and Sunnah are discussed, as well as the thinking of early Muslim Caliphs and jurists. Detailed consideration is given to Islamic economic thought during the dynasties of the Umayyads and the Abbasids, periods of administrative and economic reform, as well as of much latter developments under the Ottomans, Safawids and Moghuls. Islamic revivalist reform movements are appraised, as these predated the reawakening of interest in Islamic economics in the last century, and the subsequent profusion of writing, with the works of the leading contributors reviewed in this volume.