In the face of climate change and socially responsible investment (SRI) principles, environmental metrics for driving and managing sustainability creates major data and reporting challenges for most organisations.For instance, for carbon foot printing and accounting alone, there are potentially huge data volumes on carbon and energy which will come from different sources in different formats, at different cycles/frequencies (and likely with different assumptions).Thus the data management challenge is not simple, nor is the process of recycling that data back as intelligence to the organisations concerned. Furthermore, if a key objective of carbon accounting is to create business (and sector) change, then existing processes need changing and adapting so that they become iterative for carbon minimisation. That is not possible without the intelligence gleaned from carbon accounting.This book focuses on these issues, and pulls together reference work by academia and businesses to address the challenges, highlighting promising developments.