By 1903, the Sokoto Caliphate of West Africa had come under British colonial control as the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria. This work analyzes Muslim Hausa and Arabic discourse responding to British colonial rule from 1903 to the beginning of decolonization in 1945. Umar (religious studies, Arizona State U.) first reconstructs and analyzes colonial policy via examination of colonial records. He then proceeds to explore Islamic legal discourses, Hausa and Arabic poems on colonialism, and oral materials in terms of Muslim responses to the military, political, religious, and ideological challenges of British colonialism, highlighting the different responses of different social groups. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)