<span><p><span>Standards provide learning targets for students and the result of assessments help make data-driven instructional decisions. In this anthology education experts address the following topics in the context of impacting student learning • performance assessments • frequent assessments in mathematics • connecting science standards and assessments • common formative assessments for English language learners • standards and assessments contexts and applications • assessments for literacy learning • disciplinary literacy and deep understanding • effective grading practices • assessing the 21st century learner.</span></p></span>