Family 1 is a closely related group of four or five Gospel manuscripts. Anderson (Greek and New Testament, North Central U., Minneapolis, Minnesota) argues that the 10th-century Codex 1582, written by a monk named Ephraim, should be recognized as the leading member of the Family, moving the origins of the Family back at least a century earlier than previously thought. She further asserts that the marginalia of the Codex provide a record of early textual variation as well as scholarly work done by an unknown compiler, and that the text preserved in it can be shown to be as old as and related to the text used by Origen and associated with the city of Caesarea. The study is revised from her 1999 doctoral dissertation at the University of Birmingham, England. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)