At the request of the NIH, this report explores the feasibility of developing a framework for a new taxonomy of human diseases based on molecular biology. The National Research Council committee, incorporating input from a March 2011 workshop, envisions an individual-centric information commons that would underlie a knowledge network of disease and new taxonomy and recommends pilot studies for mining large sets of patient data acquired during the ordinary course of health care. A glossary is provided but no index. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)