This volume directly engages with the relationship and differences between the key strands in contemporary republican political theory. It brings together leading international scholars representing the most important positions in republican political theory today: neorepublicanism, Kantian republicanism, and populist as well as realist republicanism - the first time that these positions actively engage with each other. It expands upon the foundational principle of republicanism - 'freedom as non-domination' - to articulate new theoretical insights into connections between liberty, law and democratic politics, and a radically new conceptualisation of the meaning and structure of democratic institutions and procedures.