“Nanostructured Polymer Nanocomposite Materials — Concepts, Strategies and Opportunities” presents a comprehensive approach to the rapidly evolving, widely interdisciplinary field of nanostructured polymer-based heterogeneous materials. It introduces the reader to the various aspects of the area of nanostructured heterogeneous materials that are considered to be essential for researchers in the field: effective material properties, interfaces, synthesis and characterization. Building on this background, a review and discussion of recent developments in the field is presented.