<div> The unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties of nano-scale materials are very attractive for realizing fast-responding sensors with good sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of chemical species and biological agents. This multi-contributor title brings together leading researchers from around the world to look at a wide range of nanomaterials, nanostructures, and transduction mechanisms for chemical and biological sensing. Part one reviews electrochemical nanosensors, including the use of carbon nanotubes, glucose nanosensors, chemiresistor sensors using metal oxides and nanoparticles. Chapters in part two discuss spectrographic nanosensors such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticle sensors, the use of coated gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots.</div>