The intersection of mathematics and politics during World War I is the central subject of this collection of papers by a group of historians of mathematics and science in general, published as a part of AMS History of Mathematics series. Both the attitudes about war held by mathematicians and the effects war itself had on mathematical research are discussed. The general organization is a combination of chronological and geographical approaches--the introductory chapter places the war in the context of the general history of mathematics, and argues that despite some historical neglect, its effects on the modern relationship between science and society should not be underestimated, as they were in favor of World War 2 as the pivotal point in that process. Further chapters concentrate on specific academic cultures and their responses to the war: English (Cambridge), French (Paris), Italian and US mathematical communities each are discussed in a separate section. Final three chapters attempt to place the behavior of mathematicians in certain schools in context and derive some reasons for their collaboration with the military and the effect of war on particular sub-disciplines (such as ballistics and aerodynamics). Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)